Thank you very much, thank you to talk to anigo words and so
the institute for inviting me and so you will come it.
It's thomas just said, I don't know in Chefbereich,
I'm wrong to go and I would be doing on addrenaling.
I was to talk a few weeks ago by Japany speaker,
you said, Japany's, Western's Speaker,
so it's also beginning with the Jerk and Japany speaker,
so it's also begin with an apology.
So sorry that that. The she's speak at all joke,
analypology, in the samer centers.
I see. And this talk is going to furth,
it's a generally introductions that history of the claims in the self-to
I don't intended to be an exoture history,
everything that ever happens. And the self-time to see,
but the examination of how the different countries came to claim
that they own all our part of the self-channel see.
And it's a very general talk. So foo free,
fi, kind of skipped every something to you find to complicate
to new what explain to just to us to questions.
I want to ignowledge the fact,
this is not in tiny, my own work that,
I builds on a number of academic, research projects.
And but what I found when dicking through or the written
work about the self-journey see,
is an all for lots of assumptions,
I been made quite a long time again and had simply been repeated over and over again.
And nobody going back and examine, what are these assumptions to antially true?
So what I do it was try to really examine
the basis, the factual basis for lot of
was set and found a mosticute, you couldn't support when
you do the evidence. So this is my own second,
all my own attempt to survite a kind of,
a boot and as his be of aself-term see,
if you like.
And it just begin but a little map to
begin it.
Do my
have a pointship
Ausschaut, dass die feschen. Das freundliche ist,
die Begründung, die wir alles ertrieben haben.
Er fließt mit Paulus aus, Matria, als Sorbelshow.
Das ist ein ganz fruchtbares Hier. Das ist ein Feature
von Quatschas. Schon im Sorbelbaum, das ist ein Atheonie.
Between Taiwan in Hongkong, which is kind important in the story.
And these the kind of places that what Tolkien about.
These are the largest natural Islands in the self-channel see.
But he can see that, there's as as wallers,
even this is, he said, in others,
in the one way sticks of the.
The endive that's help but
the Philippines
Sie ist so small ones. Und das ist,
was sie in der naturalen Stage haben. Also, du
kannst sehen, wen du talking about major features and if
these features did nix is, if's govern show,
whatever, was just to few meets is smaller,
that would be in no wildlands to get world top about.
But the fact that is just sees little bits sticking out of the sea,
mean, the people can claim ownership over them.
And then right in time national history is around.
But if you to put see be reef,
facts a very old picture of see be reef,
this is what you looks
like now
Vom Space. So. This one way here is three
killericals long. And this connot, I here,
this is fegest the American Navo Harbor, in Pol Harbor.
So that not been constructed sit 2020, September
2013. So in the last three in half years,
that went from that to that. So you can see
what people look in cerned about the militarization and so if
our film satch and see. Now this really is what
the mlotten date to speaks our abouts, is this strange line,
the children to or this match, our want to say,
The line it self is in consistent.
So the green dashians were more von einem map publish by China in
1948. The red dashians were more von einem map sent by
Chinas, the United Nations, in
2009. And you can see there in different places.
So nobody really knows, what this line memes.
And why would trying explain, how this line came to be drown?
But our beginning, and it with they question that course
meet on lock this history, which is,
why just China claim a feature down here
Hot the James Show. As it southern most territory.
Now, this is a picture of the James Show.
They of see there's nothing there. But this is afficially
is the southern most points of chines theratory.
And you can see here, as a chinesis
naval flatilla on its way to entipowersy operations of Simmalia,
pledging to defense chines territory.
But then there is land to this photography,
that's the 202 meters below to see episode to see.
But this is the James Show, ein Stern here,
soll etwas heulen an euch,
von Investor Ciara
Das ist völlig okay. Es ist falsch aus dem Bett gewusst.
Die Tüte auf die Tüte 70. Und wenn wir doch jetzt
noch Paul bei Konstinentos schaffen. So why did this feature
comes to be the Southern based point to channels channel?
Out tell a story, and in just soldiering I explain
the slightly weird story of how chinea cames to claim,
the Southern see others.
But channel usually, use is the frace chinea has okipiled
at ministered, own the Islands, since ancient times.
And they took about free some pool, he's a picture
of at matching here, who sail to self-channels see and beyond 600
years ago and the 140, to 40, 30 period.
But that kind of view history in the gates all the
other claims to all the other.
A vision, if you kind of looks it,
as the such on the city, as as a bodeless domain.
You get a very different perspective on the history.
And we must our beginning, we beginning any webbel.
That's beginning pollow on. I want you sure philipping out.
And this is a links and side in people all need
out, the nose eastern ended pollower.
I went they're back in 2022. And in at the partner
of this limstone, tower, is a case.
And in the case, you've a college is discovered a vario,
which is about 5,5,000 years old. And the barrio,
if you're an college ologist, and you can see the evidence,
is in the shake of a boat, sailing ins the case.
And the person was very it with shells round and pailershells for
pailing out, connews. And instantly had shells and beach,
which could only have come from what's now of it now,
when you're the cycle of such an easy.
So 5,000 music out, there were people navigating,
back was in forwards, trading round the self-chindo see.
And is a people obviously who had now idea of any modern national identity.
They were people who wather like this, live on the sea.
And we can still find them today in different parts of cycling station,
whether we need now,
the last one this is people live of finance in Channy Silence,
or you can find them in your mind permanent,
or in the Budget, in Malaysia or the Orang Launch in Indonesien.
So there were people, and there are accounts of people,
is laters them 1960s, who had never been on land
That it live there in tire lives on boats.
And they regard it the land as a hostout place.
And they would move from place to place to rescape
a text collectors and the seems, so whatever.
So you find this nomadic seecheps each type people,
living all around, self-the stage. This is the people
that really with a first to discover the islands and the self-chancy.
And they know, no our legions to any national flag everyone.
And some of the trading approps, the self-chancy,
the next people that come. And these that works all though
for as simple in sense that people to do chave a long distancies.
They were trade it one nother. And they could connect,
communities, in overgreat distancies,
products sinnifice of c2 come a time products from Noven Australia,
to make they way all the way to china,
so your series of small scale trading interrations,
but people like this.
But thanks become more sophisticated in the recorded here.
So I saw that we know when to this mosk
in Gwang Joe has 74 or 18 century foundations.
So the first traders to cross the self-chinecy traveling long distance,
where ARAPs impersions, Engines, Gudgeraties.
And so we know from channy is a country example that there were ARAPs impersions,
living in Sudden China in the acting 9 centures.
And these are people to were trading Indien,
eine Middle-Liste, die in China ist. Und auch,
wir haben von Clint Evanc Logic, Level und Support,
Self-Destation-Polities, Kingdoms, die wir setten,
und eine series of political units that try to control the trade yourself,
China see,
Apfeline from the first to the 15 to the rive of Europeans in the 16 century.
So, what I want to try to do you this
try to say the Self-China see,
has been a place of trade and navigation from
all the people's a live around it
It's not just a chineasy. It's for emancious self-he stationsy,
for waters, theractice represent of history. The come of curse is that,
you know, there will much,
when you feel to text and out other bits ofs
that paper evidence in existence in self-he station compared to,
there is not exist in China. But you do find,
for example carbings like this in Buttobert to in Indonesien around about,
so 100, and clearly as sculpture are are are a couphing of the self-he station, shit,
in can see the outrigors, elements of the Designer,
the shit, in best our find,
in self-he stationships
Now are chological evidence. Yeah, this covered of
any chineship, crossing the self-chinescy into the tencentury.
That's to say, we've had no doing to where them confirm.
So this now evidence of any, that is say this been
no wechs found or other actual physical autological evidence of any channeship,
cause in the such anycy, and so the tencentury.
And we have from the evidence for lack of notice of
the sea and a fisher sources from the few match that exists.
So I mentioned chang her who sails as far as Stafrica
from China in the 15 cent century.
After that keriod. This book was composite listing all this
of navigation or weeks that we used by merchants to saviors
of the time. And what this book shows,
is that the roots give around the outside of the self-chancy,
that the middle of the self-chancy.
And that's quite provisory, because when we are sart to see,
was where people lived and that's why if you were trade,
you want to to go to sail your ways.
The other vision was that we know that they were reefs
and voks and then we are the self-journalists.
So it was right thanges. So in other gate
is with a void going through the middle of it,
because it isn't know what was that. So there's yes,
there was trading and there was trading in all directions of otherselves chantasy.
But it was never focused on the islands than souls or
the reefs of the worlds. For my capital 100 years,
later, this is a matt,
which is down in the Bodly and library in Oxford,
which was stolen by are an English She-Caption from and online chines,
see capturing, in the early 70 century.
And if you look may caffee on this mat,
you can see, a gain a series of novigational instructions throne.
And the mark is surprised in the ecuerate for the most part.
But the measurements in the middle that is stoted,
because the basically caption, they were went this.
And they were not popy measured, but the point is
that the rooks again. And with talking about the 70s
and to now, go around the outside of the self-to-and
see and not to the middle. So the IT
that anybody with attitually owning and that ministering,
the Islands in the middle, is just nonstants nobody was doing.
There was no reason from the body from at minister them
as part of a country. Now, the seams quite,
whitely believe the time that they was also The whole of the sea
was filled with danger as Islands. I mean,
this on European Maps, which were presumably made based of hone accounts from local people.
So he's a dutch mat from 16 30 and the french
mat from the end of the 18 century.
And what can see is boss of them?
It's not I loves. The turning sees. So if
our list to 200 Jeas or more Europeans a voided chapping
incors the center to such on see,
because they believed in a center violums that we now
now attuned exist. The parasells exist here Er war Gott,
der war im Fähre von 100. Und er hat Stopppipult, Nabagaging,
Directly cross the such and you see for 100 of years.
It's any really initially when the bridges is india company,
this looking for faster roots to get to the channels coast,
that they start to survey visions in more detail.
And you start to get, best to maps,
what once that we would now to date.
And the eastern your company lift,
it's mark on the otherns in the names of the Island.
So in the Parisal Islands,
one greep with them are one name does to have people
who are managers of the eastindia company
Beginning as the 19 century. But nobody was even this
prime was particularly interested in at ministering or claiming thesigns.
They was seeing really as a dangers in navigation and not much else.
As late as the 1890s of the still having major
populants of piracy for the European and chinesis and satisation trades.
This is a picture of channes pirate being executed in Calon,
prickly famous institute on a ship could in the mother with High Jacks.
There is a not a picture with them over the hits
shop topic
Entschuldigung. But the point is there were, I mean,
there were reports of in our pirate federations with 10.000 20.000
people in operating of the certain coast to China and eastern
coast to beat namen in this period.
This is the potence that the sea was ungovernment,
no state hot the capacity's watch the govern this elf chance see.
So, and this applies,
as much to China is to our ort is to the Europeans,
as when the any state, really. But we,
it's hard to prove that there was no client,
but we can look at a matt for this,
a channy's matt published in 1897 of a solvem channes coast
And there's no interest by this channy's mattmaker in showing any maps.
As any Islands, that exists south of finance here.
The characters of completely. There was no interest from the
part of the Stoney's mattmaker to show the Parasells.
And there was this other effectence of a lack of interests,
ship recs and the channy's do nice responsibility for example.
So my question is, so you have a lock of interest here in AG
1997. And yet, just every ten years later,
suttley the fact of these Islands becomes a matcher with a national demonstration.
So what happens with we 1897 And but they can later.
Well, obviously the Kontext, but China changes radically,
in the like 19 century, after the European mobles with Britain.
And the 1894, 195, where we choupen,
and then the Boxer with all in 1950, you get a
vice of nationalist feeling in China,
of tikely certain in China, against the founders.
And this is really the contest for why the Islands,
becoming ported to China.
And the trigger
is burgeshit.
Guanayou Burtshit, war ein sehr importantes Kommodit in den 1920er-Century.
Für equal cultural firtalizierte. Und countries like now,
tiny of the light on the possific become with the
riches countries in the world, but had a population,
because they basically export all that the Burtshit that's on the Island.
And Japanie's makes in the particular are looking forwards in the pacific.
And that just covers on products, this is the
products feel, one and fact.
And one Japanie's merchant to particular, I could nich
is our
Takes a whole lot of workers and stunt ticking out the guana one products.
And very manipulation that Japan is optify in time one of
this point. So it's not may far from Japanies
optime to territy to to process of this point.
Now, the channy is discovered, he's there.
And I wasn't she to find out why why that's an
how that channy this cout use that.
And it was to me a long time and it's any really riskly got.
I think of to solve the puzzle. And which is
that basically the Americans told them, the Japanies with there.
Because the Americans that just started to pollonize the Philippines of
this points
And they heard ruemans out of Jörg Kahama, that Japan was
Occupine, Practice Islands, they became so specials about what's
Japans intentions, workartically we gots to the Philippines.
And so just are happened that William taff to would later to be come president,
but this point is American secrety for world,
was making a visitor china in late 1997.
And he asks to china is course, so find that
was happening on products. And from his perspects,
he is make better for chinactic control prozess than for Juppentic control prozess.
And so he, this is from the Hongkong,
the Newspaper, are specially saying that, Das heißt,
mit ihnen ist Füße mit Charlies.
Und ich kenne Chapana Yes of Pratches. Es ist eine sehr lange Zeit,
für das zu bekommen, eine Public Visual Technik,
eine sehr Year, für die Charlies, zu den Jingle Codes,
zu senden, eine Ship zu investieren, was happening on Prancess.
Und dann sind wir repetitiv, was happens ist,
die You gett we can't of national protests in so einem China.
You get anti-Japanies boycode, people attending huge meetings,
condemning the national himulilation at is the words,
it's used of this at fact that
That is a lockey pine is this chinnes Iron.
This is in Iron, the pretty much,
nobody at ever heard of about, yeah, before hand.
And sort of in the nationalistic context of the time,
becomes vicially important to this becomes a part of china.
Eventually, the disagreement is suffered in light 1999. And if you really the channes text,
says that the force of public appinion force, Jupan,
to leave and record night channes control,
they also pay the juckmanies, 130.000 Dollars,
but them together way,
the same time,
there's a party,
the incentive
Protest becomes Chinese this point. But what wasn't so expecting this that
the Chinese court learns about the parasal owns of the first time.
And become concerned that the Parasals, who lows everycome morty Pipe by Japan.
And so if a very first time in 1999,
you see an expedition from the Chinese channess authorities in solven
shine to the parasal owns, in mayond in June.
They have a terrible some getting that with bad whether never things.
And they is been three days that in 1999 stick
flags in the land in the Islands,
in the claim,
for Chinese tellshing at that point
Das heißt, wir first time is shiny is claimed to
the Parasite alliance in 1909. And but why happens is almost
yearly off two its is you gettly that channy's revolution.
And no further attention is paid to the otherms for what every jacket.
And first, we're said story that the channy's going to
attempt it on process to set to take hover the gwanner mining operation.
And then basically forgotted about all the people that would there,
joined a revolution and they were start to death.
In 19111, 1912. But there's offiziell to matter in
shine this point
So, a lot of confusion oder insolectual
confusion about where Chinas motten bottos should life.
And it's a part of the transition from the old ching empire,
which sees itself as the central state, no lot they,
I don't know that this fire jump in a kind of middle kingdomit,
it central state that the center at the central the world in effect.
To transitions on that idea of the world to an idea,
the world way, you have nation states with lines around them and harden fast bands.
And this is a way problematic concept for China for quite
a long time. And it need the first mat,
aficial map of the public channel this publish state to the revolution,
doesn't show any bothers of the country,
at all
Cause these are not. So you see line is that
the matter of a queer life in Rivers,
and expects in the vietnam, and it was like,
the richling hour wasser.
So in the Carrier, every here. As sense,
these places have been wangfully taken from China.
And maybe should be be comparted China again in the future
. But no partos, I'd one land or see.
And this than proms a whole, äh, discussion in China,
about where Chinas right for bothers, should be.
And this goes well beyond the governments and it involved nationalists
and civil society organizations.
And they, lot of the discussion
is don't through maps
Matchs of national communiation, this frage,
which first emerged in 1999, comes back.
And you see matchs like this, this is publishing 1960,
sharing and the pink parts of the territy are areas of,
what this match maker believed where Chinese territy, which were wong fully
stolen by find it, you know, bye,
but a frittish there, by the french,
but you had any mother rush.
As sense that Chinese should be much bigger.
And it is now. This is one here,
I think, comes, this was publish by the shang,
high central cartographic societies.
Is not a government thing,
it's a private private organization
This one is tablished by the Jean-Guard Book, Jean-Guard Book company in
1927. And you can see, by this point.
The idea of what is right fully chiness territory.
I least in the minds of this matmaker, is much bigger.
All the way to we raw, that can't start to four
or that say this that you don't have ever here.
Und das ist dieser Sohn der Söhne, der.
Und ich stehe da gut, das Ding. Wow,
cassa oder matt, das ist nicht matt,
das ist matt,
das ist matt
Frisurably, they were aware that in the past, the seltene of sully
don't have sent triputed to the emperor, historically.
And so in the minds, the personal joe this mat,
what you sent triputed and you must be part of the emperor.
That for usually part of in a modern emperor than state today.
And then the evasion of the line is is just
a convenient device, just to kind of to emperor.
So it's a kind of experimental vision of where a chines state.
It's it's bound, we should should like
These people than had to do with the reality of the
fact that other states. And this debate continued for one time.
Now, these idea have kind of china kind of shipping
growing outwards in counters other states on chines of profere.
And Japan in particular is busy mining Guanau.
And there are live will climbs some Japan to the parasells.
And it's quite mercy exactly what goes on in the 1920s,
because china breaks into compete in a political units.
And some doggy deals at down about the parasells.
It seems that bestly the sony at senth example,
did it deal with your pant to
get weapons recordnized Jappanies rights over its. But it's that
that put these with first investigation. And the same time
fronts is getting in only acts. But the french,
but has it about this. That one have a modia.
The not sort of going and claiming elums from themselves.
Really what happens is that the guy who runs the indoor China ocean-ographic
institutes in your chine, the post of in to chine of yet men now.
Pacebooking for a pudget for he's Iron Enterprise.
And so he kind of claims to be said of flying,
the flying for fronts and noted to get a subscitive,
he's academicing to und solche Texte des Shit of the Persels.
Und das ist eine number Venture Position in den 20ern und 30ern.
Also, es ist auch sehr happy, dass das point ist.
Es ist nicht nur sensed,
dass tight of any status ready strategically claiming in these Islands,
also all kinds of other motivations, at the same time.
Und Jerot Sarge, ein Singleplan, ein sehr guter Paper
abouts dispiriert von der French Perspector. Also,
late 20s and 319 30s, the story become is very,
very involvation complicated, because a lot of things are happening
So you have the easer tempts that claiming Islands in the such on a see.
You have the reunification of China wand the China
Shanky Shanky Shank in 1928. Juppen ist also so starting to
to take more on interest. But it's a very,
very incore here into this point. And then Japan of
it and valueds manturia and increasing the fighting starts take place in China.
And what happens is this point is in the tempt in China,
to try to formuly define the countries territy,
to try to clear at this confusion,
about comaps and boundries and what isn't chines
And so the republic of China sets up the Land and Waltson mats inspection commitsy.
It's an sounds we beure cratic. But it's job is in
effect to defined Chinas territory. But record arrising map and saying,
this is what you can call this place,
this is where the lines and drown and that's to suff.
But this committee, doesn't have the carposity to go in surfair and measure.
So it's simply copys existing mats and tries to accind of a gree a
chine is position on them. And this process is on going,
it seems that for my search and chine coincidental that they start work,
just a month before than anacty is some of the spreadly Islands.
And fronts and a classics that of European colonial,
way since shipsounds, sticks of flagin.
And then so make you formal publishers is the anactually released take that,
the efficulture of the republic of fronts on well the announce which
is made on bus steelday in Julian attitude and it's put in
the new paker tendays later. Naja,
and this what I we looking at, qualition be.
What this does is it trick as complete confusion in China?
There is The Chinese is hume, the Islands,
the french of enact or the Parasells, but then not that the sprands.
And so if for weeksoft,
with not trace this to the Chinese, newspapers,
and make a seen to a public start to afterwards,
there is debate arguments about which alongs, the chang the french of enacts.
And in friends, the Chinese governments in engine,
has to ask the consult in Manilla to asks,
the americans from a matt of the such chines see,
to tell them, which alongs the french of anacts.
And then there are looking hams in chinesis news
packers about house surprised, the chines couplements is discupled to
the our difference of alongs to the one that
are planking
9, 9, 9. But it's my more confusing,
because there's a wiveal chinesis government based in self-wester chines,
a bassing one joe, composable to people that don't like Chanka Shek.
They don't believe the government in then Jing, when I say,
it's a different Island, not think to with us.
And so they conchinued to press it claim to so the french of vocupy Chanes Islands,
even that that now which Islands, the french of avannas.
So this is the original this confusion. And the problem
is that are lot of the standard accounts of the history
to such chines see, we're britned based on chinesis,
newspaper and magazine articles,
there were published in 1933 und
And this confusion with too going on. And so these works
existent Chinas and then in den 1970s that translated into English.
And they become the foundation for English language at comes of the self-chance see.
And in France, Dieter Heinzeks work, the this published here.
Also use is these channes a counts. And also in
corporates some of these, these leave publimatic parts of the history.
So what I been channes to was going to go back and
unpact the history and kind of share where this confusion origination from.
So in the aftermath of the 19930s
China is trying to construct a cohereant client to the honest
of the such and assy.
And you get different visions of it. So I mean,
that's a kind of linie or a client of uffly what happens.
But I'm in a focused on the night news on the maintenance for you.
So just may clear how this process a court.
Is is a liste of the channy's names to the honest
of that at for me channys?
And what's insting is the committee gives chines names to the Islands,
which in our publisher distination one quite five.
They are such to could be revided.
It's vice, one spot
a nationalist is month
Ich sollte den Namens now. Der Channes ist names now für die Adams,
die different sind, um die Channes zu namen,
die eine wünschende, glückliche Nacht zu zertifizieren.
Und was für eine 35 ist, ist die Komitee,
die die Matchinspection komiteiert,
was simply took the british or other four and maps or the self-chindo
see and gave that and gay is the features Chinese names.
The listally translatured out of translatured tom. So if example,
no of tanger on the Englishments, become face yet,
it is literally north tanger and chindings.
Super tooking out of that catching which is fact that you
can do it
Vernetzt sich, wenn ihr möglich gemacht habt. Das ist fraglich.
Mann in allem, bekamen Gini in Gard, den stillen Mann.
Ja, ernsthaft, das ist ein ganzes Leben, Jan Schaut,
das ist natürlich ein Anschlag. Aber die Anschlag,
das ist nicht ein Anschlag, das ist die Anschlag,
die British Ship, die Servate in 1810 ist.
Ja, Money Island, okay, Ginien ist Money in Chinesen.
Sie haben es nicht money. Okay, that's money.
William Taylor money, he was one of the managers of
the East India company. So, even now,
that China is nine, his Gini in Davis,
ning, that the him,
british imperialist,
it's kind of Ironit
Or very is bestates on this map or on this liste
violent names. And there were fictions that they named,
which we now now doing to exist.
And this is because the pole matt maging in this 19 century.
If you look at the mistakes in the channes list,
you can find, it's anyone place, they like been over the find,
you have exactly the same liste of mistakes.
And it's on the british self-channes see directory published in
1996. So think to me that the channes commitsy simply took this documents,
this channes see directory and copy the Island names from it,
gave it chines names and then clienting to be
Wow, it's a the question. I take even at
this point, even in 1995. The Chinese Government is not
claiming all of the self-chinessy Islands at this points.
And they are only claiming the Parasite. This one that
year. So that if Chinese names to the Isilons,
but they don't claimed, and you fact, 1990,
30, 3, this community,
the melody community of the republic of China, says,
we can only can in the Parasite,
we can claiming of in further self.
And to can be able to minute, process and changes,
to Donsha, wie nichts zu sagen.
Warten, er bleibt uns sicher, nicht nur Western zu sein.
Aber Charlie schaut, er ist horrig.
Im Markt machen wir es vorbei, in Müll oder Mannschaft.
The subton sent. Na, everybody knows about the such
on the see today. The Charlie is talk about this
is, the subton sent. The subton sent, moves
. Chape, and now to put it sent.
Okay, as the claim, as the claim evolves.
So, but the Jamie Show, there are here,
so she is the last, the silent that you've become
a pretty
In Köln, in Köln, in Köln.
Es ist name. Es ist name, es ist name,
es ist name, es ist name, es ist name,
die Welt, 10 ist süß für Show.
Now, das Show, das ist schön, wir sind unter Worte.
Aber es gibt 10 und 10 Channels means I sent back.
So, es bekommt eine andere Wahl als Feature. So,
aber Start into see why this becomes channes characters, because of a translation industry.
I suspect, that they used the mat like this one.
I can't prove it is this one this is a pritish
matt published in 1999. And you also see that mit einer der Jamie Shows common primatisch.
Er hat in der Tat das Flitschalom mit der Beindauer,
die er hat. Because the question is, there are many,
many on the walt of features in this partosy.
So white it the channels pick on the James Show,
what that info that, one not,
some of the one's next to it. I think,
I think,
it copy to maybe even this one or a metroway much like this one.
And then they translated Jamie Show is single 10 and it
became in the beocratic minds of this committies meeting and enging and Island,
even there
it was in one.
So show becomes
Substically 947, the name is revised to been ensure, wish mans hidden sense.
So become so I close of the ming of the what show.
But then we have another wins of ensure.
And we have a guy code by made two,
he is one of the founders of the chinage you agraphical society.
And he's a nationalist, he says the jography,
should be about teaching people to love the country.
And so he tapes the work of the channes are our security.
And how producers he's around actors, private that his is
an a government out, this is ourn personal work.
And you're see that he marks,
the change show and a van Jahre alt waren, hier.
Von dem Morgen, zum noch nicht durch die Lines,
haben wir so viele Lines.
Ja. Also, Headhurns, Water in the Lines, hier.
Und wir sagen, wir sind in Christian Arland her.
Er ist lernend, als well. Er ist nur eine
Member of the State. Er ist nicht ein State official,
aber er ist sehr influential, weil es ein Professor Jography ist.
But an türkischen Studenten,
die dann go one to become first to drography and all
then high at by the channy's gogment in after second world,
wow, to help them to of them as.
So, his vision of chines charge becomes in corporated
instic dovements zwischen subscriting.
So, this map
it publishing
Na, The Baby Piece evidence, I have for saying that this days China
is not claiming the spreadly idents for the self-his territory,
as a state, comes on men of the book.
So along says that,
he has so punicy with the role this line and out there,
is the first time is the alline, drole this line to James Show.
So he personally, things this is Chinese charactery.
But the state just not. And the 9433,
juy in the world, the Chinese government, this is the mentioned information.
Publish is a handlung, quality sect book. Everything is
not about China, you know, kind of the Jography,
Demographics, political situation of it else.
And the beginning with the declaration that the tourgetry,
can it so more than to cars.
Okay. So this is an afficial chines,
state documents in 90-43, saying,
we only can in the parasells,
we don't claim this practly is only what and you firth the self.
So, but things would change of the next 4 years.
The covered reclamation, churchial and roosivel, and chankai check,
a gree, what's going to be,
what's going to happen in the asia-percipted there,
after the second world
It's fogo election in a way, which was clearly done with a purpose.
So the first something has, it's purpose that Japanshi,
we strictively Island, which she's okay parts,
it's beginning the first word, where and the all a territies,
Japan a stone of the channel you,
and it names, manturia for most of time,
and pastical, the Islands of time on.
So we restore, so we public of channel.
Okay, is an a full stock on other same things?
When it's has Japan of the experience,
but it doesn't say, who doesn't going to go to?
Yeah, it least the whole question open. And they pommes,
the channels, on, even now,
say look that carby declaration said that in the end life promise to
give all the eilens and such on to see to China.
But it doesn't clearly doesn't person. In the delivered wording
on that basis. And anyway, in 1943, I
was a sure new. We know that for example,
the Chinese don't conscite of the spattneys jupping studium from them.
That I can sort of channy's theoretisch. So you can't
ply in that case. Second one boards on.
Two or the end, the Islands are at chance.
These are at your fotograf. Serial fertigoffs of the bombing of
its you ever, one of the first times that Napalm
was ever used in wall. And this are that we're
propers saying, the napal for or its are used
in wall
I'm placements. But the Irlands are I the people to be on
the Irlands or I the work killed it this points or they are subsequently effectivated,
because the Irlands become MTM media after second more.
This is when professor by made two and his students come
back into the frame, was his students imparticular.
So he is one of them,
he studies on the by made two in the 20s,
goes off to go to say, one thing goes the like seek,
and only his to your panel, that the two students.
And it comes back to teaching in Shian, in China.
And then is highered in 940 sitz
Chinese government to help them drow up the maps of the challenge,
they want to claim out to the second load wall.
So hey, basically takes the ideas of his mentor.
And then the very first time turns to
be into this ficial position of the state.
And this party prompty by the Philippines becomes in the pension in 46.
And they start came the Island for sells. So 46,
the Chinese to side to have a negal expedition to go
down and in their words to reclaim, the Islands.
But we know that they never claimed this practial in the tour on the first base.
But what seems so happened in the discussions and in 19946,
is that the child und die Fischer sind confused,
die Bratneys in den Parasels once again.
And they again development clients. It is the very first time,
you see a tash law and markets on a fischer,
channes sections, over their here, this is any produced.
It is a sketch map, just to guy that discussions,
that task you based internally in 1946. And you see the
same confusion of other James Show down the Bossem here.
So they get the names wrong for example,
but the point is, it's inside the tash line.
And this wrong stage. And these community beatings in September
1946, stars the client the James Show
And then they send elected pedition them in uni46. And I
is a bay first time. Many changes a ficial enough
in the spreadly outlands, 200 Dezember 19, 40, 6.
And I think so I'm france is getting back in the end.
Johnny reconnized, vietnam at the same time. And since
ships ups, you graped paracells, and it spreadlys.
And it basically a rage between channel and fronts,
secret the paracells in the spreadlys. And the spreadlys,
the french get their first in the paracells,
the channels get their first.
So two gooks a paracells, the channels in the eastern
half in the french in the Western
And the spreadly is the french goal, there first clean
and back it get and then threemann states of the channes to now.
And the wake of all this,
all this making in all these committee meetings,
this navigational, the expedition down,
there in 46. This is the famous maker of the you shade line,
which is published, is juan up internally,
intercent before the 7 and published in february
948. This is the mak, which now kind of
schlafen zu schauen, zu schauen,
zu schauen
And Nancia has moved self, but this point.
But we still see some confusion on this map.
So we have point the own that emergins for changeshow.
It's enguined to change. It's enguined to this map.
So that's. How China came to claim,
the owns and the sudge on a see.
Through a process of miss Translation and miss understandings of
history and todgy can't how graphy. It's about it,
the confusions in the country as a whole about the transition ein M-Park,
ein Ununbounded, Empire, sogar Bunde, nationale Staaten.
Und es ist about a conversational, many conversations,
die sie happen, between, private individual,
civil society and state efficials.
I don't claimed to have good. Everything sort of down.
Yeah, but I think the basic stread of the narrative is party clear.
So that's where the chine is claim, comes from.
I want spent anywhere there is long on the other claims.
But I want for them crickly.
From the FRME ist perspektive
They would say the first attempts to pudding a kind of a state claim
to the possilions good backs to the early 19 century when impression,
preates, a group for people to go and ineffect mind the shit recks on the parasells.
And this is related to the battles,
the going on within Vietnam and Surful.
And I'm at the time. And shit recks of tikely
valuable as a source of canon for fighting internal worlds,
because they're falling shits are recton the on the on the
fictions on the fictions and the canon
Left on the Reefs and they can then be have is doing doing for use on land.
At that's one in sensor. But the epenomies claim,
I'm for now, to look, in great detail particles,
when I was right in the book,
I was in a lang to go of the country.
But also, because it's thinkly very good get access to
these are which no documents, in these one chive sources.
Now, but it does needs someone to properly examinists.
And you're need someone with a good knowledge of norm of volt,
chine, a volt, yet nomies squid,
because of curse that must, I'm so läng,
that is this squid that with them back in the early AC and sensory for.
Yeah, 90 century. So moving forward,
so the Joey in the sort of clone your carriot.
Franz, obviously in charge of Fednames. And I'm external
of face. And it's only really after independence,
that that I'm as able to Occupadions from Sales.
And so the optimiert namens Particians, the self,
retainings control of the Parasite outlands,
but the western half the personal outlands, from the french.
But not much attention is paid to the spread me Islands
and till the 90 50s ready.
And then in the 1960s Der ist,
will man so potential our reserves, that's stuff to in college,
the very states to take an interesting.
But I've been talk what the Philippines claim and then come back.
The Philippines claim is kind of freedy wacky, really.
It's colonized by Americans from 1890s, 18, 2, 19, 46.
But it's the Americans of Sales take very accensions,
recemple recovering shits in things, which the changing the Philippines now,
create, clein,
as evidence of ministration,
the suppens
Wirklich die Philippinen, die independent sind, mit this gingen.
Und 950-6, ich weiß nicht, Thomas Kloma.
Thomas Kloma war ein Entrepreneur, Smuggler, deutsche Dealer,
und hey, in 1956 cleans the Islands for himself.
Not for the Philippins, as a country.
By he basically he wrecking. And he's, yeah,
he does have a low to greep, but copy now in international low.
And he, ey, he said that sidish to pan,
when I'm stits claim, and the end of the second world world.
So that for these albums blong to nobry,
so therefore they can be long to me.
And he has this sort of create idea,
he's going to say to that he's own employeed cause,
he feedom lands, and he senses brother out to go in clienty Island.
And he sets aber, he's a notical training institute.
So, and he gets people to pay that do unitical training.
And he that employees those people on he's one fishing boats.
So that paying to work on his fishing boats.
And he that makes money from the fishing boats.
And then he goes in use is to fishing back to
going going claim the Islands. And so he's set this
idea this going to situal kind of interpendent country with and
he just be covery rich. But it's,
I kind of when I started looking this guy,
I thought, in other joke, how musing it is.
But actually, what he did by claim in the 1550,
60, all die anderen Clemens, die taten interessieren,
in der Islands Again.
Ich weiß nicht, ob es eine Wahl ist.
Ich denke, es gibt viele Dinge. Aber es kommt
um Taiwan und die Mainland und Vietnam und Fronts.
Und sie sind nicht die Staaten, die sie interessieren.
Not the US doesn't climate, but everybody else,
when news that claimed to the Islands, because of him in 1950 cits.
But eventually, but the Philippines government tolds on to shut up and stop,
a knowing everybody, and it kind of goes quite for about 50 years.
But then because of the oyo, because of the oyo,
interest in the 70s, Marcus, for the Marcus,
says why, we can you on a claim these Islands to stocking what yours times,
we can get the oyo
And so the Philippine sense, quality sense,
trips in to rocky pie, seven outlands in 97771.
I which point, Thomas Klomer, Popsup.
And a last course in the news paper.
So these the Islands, the I clients,
back in 1956, I wants to money for my claim.
So Markus, in facts him, so they were Palace,
confused cates all the ships, sticks in me in Jill.
And forces into sign of the Islands, what one pays so to the Philippine government.
But the and so reasonly, the Philippine in claimed,
the spreadly Islands was based on this guy,
claiming to discovered to be nothing to say, that kind of put
it underslightly more Sound of Fritzing, now. But this
is kind of where the Philippines really getsing the game. And Philippines lockey piece, 10 features, a legacy of his period from the 1970s. Yeah,
they have in the 70s,
a moving way for the spreading inspect,
the powersells is that China which is been not gepined the eastern half the Parasells,
since of the mid 19950s, invage, enoque powers,
the western half kicks up that the ethnomies,
is is a channing topic and the powerstar, from the,
and it's really about the kind of a seeming that the going to more is coming to and and it's going to be unified and it's It's part of the battle,
but we in China and the Sophie Union,
the time.
It's much something out. So 90s of the 4,
China, Occupies, all the Parasite
Islands and has been the every since. Malays,
you're anything on the game, but lays so,
es ist what swill a reef look like in its natural stage in the late 1970s.
Malaysy was the first person, first country to do this,
to build a long way on an Islands,
which like you do in the early 1980s,
and Malaysy in occupies, 5, 5er reefs.
This is the anyone you going visit as a Sibilien.
This is the
time emission
Und vorher einige Tage. Ein Coach nehmen,
haben wir den Versus. Aber es ist so,
dass die Emulationen in den 80ern, die vietnamesischen Occupity 956 sind.
Und auch in der Weight of the Parasite-Battle in 70s,
die Yockey Python in den Spreadly Adams und so weiter.
Ich habe gegönnt, dass ich nicht mehr arbeite,
aber auch Speefy. By the early 980s,
eve Gods, Vietnamis, Malaysin and Philippins and Taiwan,
40s, Occupine, many of the yearlands,
in the occupreadlys,
but no main
lands chinesis
That happened that changes in 1988, when chine of sense,
and expedition down to Occupie, the some of the Islands.
And this is when we get the backlift Johnson Reeve,
which you maybe. Heute about the Fetnomies,
first of all that surprised, but the channies moves,
but then they repeat realized what channies up to.
And one more and in marsh 1988,
there's a kind of race, between channieships and vietnomy ships,
technology grape, the features to stop yourself,
getting into the vietnomies,
get their first and on the third one,
post units
or rive at the same time
Es ist ein literally fist fight on sandbank,
between the two Groups, die Chinesen mit Drow,
die Rhythmus stay on there, and then the tight rises,
and this people is all on YouTube,
you can see this, and then the Chinese Machine Gun,
the intire vietnamis united son as, but 60 to people get filles.
And we see the, was auch filmed, but the Chinese navy,
and then when for some anniversary program of channels navy,
it was turning to a film,
but on the television, so it's
now on, it's now YouTube,
you can see it on getting Massacre.
So, Johnson Reef was a nostly battle,
which results in other deaths
But the end of that that that that that is not control of six features.
The others were peace for the ockey bye.
But these all of fictions that shine ocked partner CH,
war best small vox about the about seem and that
much the match the underwater, high time,
you are sheed that that would no island that.
It was an the votor. This is the situation,
we have now vollkommen at leave. So I'm what's fucking would
tend to forget, is the fettness that vietnam, okay,
price more than half of the islands or the features.
Philipp, is ockey price about 10, malatio 5,
11, and shina to six locky breit and 80 act plus musters and three years.
It come. Sodass der common stays of of the optipations.
Now the question is what is the motors of the you shape line me.
And this is the kind of the question that sort of facts is everybody now.
And it's preclear from the archives and only 46, 447.
That the line that was juan on the map.
The channy's official is that we're tooing.
Ironly intended it to be used
To indicate we clean the Islands inside this line.
It wasn't inside to declaim all of the sea, it self.
But China has since the 1990s has modded the waters with this.
I'm big you as fraising. And I think with the some big was fraising.
Shows, they themselves that now what a line means.
So we often see, fraising subtuast pressumple,
wherever one of my moves, or at Jason's waters.
But it's not clear, what there's waters are.
But factsumple in some circumstancies, so we in 2012,
Ich bin ein put up zum Blocks von Seebett, für eure Exploration. Für alle,
die das gemeinsam machen, ist es nicht so,
dass sie den Rights to all the oyo in the you shake line well on this pakes is,
yes, they are saying that,
but just that represent the channey state,
what is that just represent the own companies of view of the legal situation.
That had something us. So that is a
hope that maybe motive. Channy's co-scout-ships, makeually control,
the whole you shape line as if it is channy is territory.
Ja, but we can what legal basis at it ally
doing it. High and province, publish emphishing regulations,
free years ago.
In which is, we first to the 9th assual in the use and line.
Also keiner, der mindestens to bandry. And interestingly,
come is more subsolice. So this is the mindestens,
this is budget botes. So again, they are using it.
And a sense as a poundry and the mindestens to bandry,
they controller of fishing vibes within it.
So just that we said, they fisher do it, the channy stay.
But the channy sential couplements and page in hassens confirmed,
dann interpretation. I would I could do there are
different views wouldn't channy stage by all it means.
There are problems that the market show,
that has tech on a alive of itself,
and you can see this in the question of the and the parasoles bandary.
So, I've been not in part of subscribes,
that you can see it.
It's kind of that. The channy's been this good,
to create the fans, that you can that you can that.
It's freunded to see, the kann man sich falsch zünden,
hugh all in the cars
It was to where that my found down to you to do.
Afriends, this is a really here. So this for
here, comes here. For this Vater, see.
This is in Analyse, wo entscheiden wir in einem Cannel to Greed
that bounce me? There not just does it others.
Feel. That we want. And for 70 years,
now, shining on 40 years that life.
And I think the reason is, because this wall of these effects,
it's feel. So mit Johnny I'm Greed, yeah,
this effect that line, come be rob down.
And if you can über about online,
I can you work about all nine of them.
So the promise little todashis themselves of take it on a particular typicals.
It was sure preventing elogical solution. For the self,
the line course is a clash with Indonesien, completely, I necessarily clash.
So Indonesien, sure of the two moneys here,
sure of the clash, the carge of the you shade line.
Shade, okay. So when you see internet,
between it change the this, that it is that Paulus see,
and the Paulus see, has a very large cast few in it.
So that might become an initiative in the future
Ähm. Ciao. Dann haben wir eine psychische Arris mit
eurem Guest. Wir haben schon gesagt,
dass wir contential sind in der Future, in der Reedbank.
Wir haben Philippinen. Frank, wir haben einen schönen Tag.
Ich war zu trinken, so town the problem of the
reedbank that the Philippinens to a case to the international abiture trybune,
which ruled in Gilley, last year.
Es ist supported when this chappinals that nothing it told about sufferent
years only about wines in the sea.
But it's conclusion was
pretty componential
Von den Philippinen, und wir müssen every point excite one small technical one.
So, I know, speaking. It's weird. Also,
crucial map. It was there are noticed. But I
putting with the putties to the tribe you know, ineffects.
So, there one now Islands in the self-channel see,
there are only industry of features,
that means that you can playing 200 notical markets, crucial economics,
I insumanierte, we can any claim, little 12 of
notical mile circles of territy. And that,
so what is means that I also said that the you
shade line has know do force, what's ever?
And some of a clean to resources within the sea.
So that's great. So we know how to lead our cloudy,
that's a solventy to speaks about the Islands in Sales.
But interems of the vast parts of the sea,
that they can be meshit, we can claim and exclusive
economic zone from the coasts of the countries around to see,
moving instant middle, not so this matter special.
Show you want to do. And but there were,
it's greatly simplified, the question of sort,
over lacking in titlements in the sea.
So for everybody else is perspective
The Lord of the Sea,
which was a Greed in 9 years and big occiations,
between 70s we in 80s to provides away of dividing at the
Sea and the Rights to Efficience on the Western in the Sea.
That should deply. The problem is a costed China feels
that it would loose out from that solution, compets
or its sort of imagined claim in the such chanacy.
And so therefore is resisting, not just this ruleing,
but everything based on uncloss, so must to talk about historic rights and social.
So that's kind of where they the Unicorn continued on.
And so this. And one I finish of we built
this to thing was even get that mapout
Ich glaube, die Question, die du in der Selbstchance hast,
war, in der Lord of the Sea states only own
up to 12 nortical miles on that costs zu can said beyond,
5 nortical miles on Island, of a cost,
nobody are in the such a such and see in somes of instinational,
low.
Das war so eine Exception, welche Story title but
Shine has never formulators claims. Now,
put my think that the Diskussion is that the main claims,
China, and Taiwan as part of that China is claim.
Good and the Philippines, always,
Tolkien to imbrawer turns, of the weclaim,
the Islands collectively
Shine talks about the seasia and the nancia,
the posells and the spreadlist. We and then talks
about the home said in the Tunes that to say.
Philippine is talks about the Kelly and Islands. Which is basically
the spreadlist miners exprectly out and if self. Now,
if you that that for me in the clients rove a legging and incompensible.
But if you break the clients down and you can say right,
okay, who claimed the silent,
who stuck that flag in this Island.
It is in Charlie possible, I think,
to ency produce a definitive this fire as possible decision about
and you can say that,
we have records at this state
Physically claiming, it's chefred feature. And it would be in Charlie possible,
I think, to if you broke down the clients into the individual islands, to actually resulthing.
And you find, I mean, ineffects, my feeling,
my personal feeling, is the simples way to resulth,
the underlying just beats about the Islands, is to simply recognize,
the existing ecupations that it just now. No, that's offersy,
in a notes of yethnomies when like that, because,
you know, that's in the chine is occupies,
they all the parasilions, but then equally,
lots of chine is when like it, because we're not mocky piece,
Majority of the Spreadney Islands, they were have to give up the use shit
line client. But really, in a realistic sense,
to me really one is confused to guys a whole,
other these specs of rock,
given the in titlements to the sea and epting around them all now,
so little, as a result of that trybunal really.
Would need not just be easy if, everyone to just say,
at these tassibly, we kind of record nice, everybody else is opcupations.
And effect that's what the south the issation, countries have done,
sense that, they have a great, they were not be pushing anybody.
Beach other, vietnam and the Philippins,
who not be push each other of The various fictions.
But I mean, I said, I'm not, you know,
Vietnam und Philippines, I been very friendly about this.
I've sackdown, I had lunch with a ficials from ministries from yeah,
the same time. And set look with this being the time,
in I kind of wheneverybody's concern about China,
that we're now in the Philippines, connectually, a gree,
to a recunize one on others occupations and kind of put that part of dispute to bet,
you know, could impossibly do that, you know,
it's kind of two important.
Even for countries, which are friendly,
we end and the Philippines, so a greed that.
So, it's talking I happen between the selfie
station countries formally
So, it's ensure in like his been happen with China as well.
But the best, I think we can ask for it,
sort of informal anderstanding that the states as quo continues.
And that's unclose, which was, you know,
agreed and we long, the goalization is between 72
-3-82. Becomes the guide in principle,
for us of in the maritime to
speech.
It's more into