Thank you very much for that very lovely introduction,
for give me I'm a little bit where does and it's a
lot of technology that I'm going to be dealing with.
So I hope is day on track.
And also that I keep your attention to route.
The 45 minutes, or so that I have to speak.
The title of my talk serien humanitary decestor has a
rhetorical question. Systemability of containment in the region of conflict
Jumping from the Theme of the Conference, that I have
been part have the conference on migration and the conflict psycho.
I just want to make as an opening remark that,
of course, first migration and conflict are like Sisters.
They always go together. But then only state agether,
and they don't always emerge from the same sources.
So of course, first migration can also emerge from state
development planning from, I'm going to say,
natural decester from a conservation mechanisms and so on
But in this case, what I really want to look at,
is the first migration of people, sometimes they are labeled exiles,
sometimes their labels, refugees, sometimes upfersed migrants.
And try and also give you a kontext,
as too how the contemporary architecture, of your manitary in Assistance
or humanitary in response, has emerged over the course,
mainly of the 20 its century. And some of you
will know the menal marker auf die Humanitarien 8 Regimen,
die bereits today sind,
ist based on the 1951 convention on the startups of refugees.
Which was in individual process of the termination and individual had
to show that owing to welfounded fear of being persecute it.
For reasons of raise region nationality,
membership of a particular social group. Orpolitical opinion,
was outside of the country of his or here nationality and
was unable or unwilling to return,
owing to such fear
That as been if you know, emerged from the assists,
I would say, of world world two.
And was much really to help, resettle, the all
of the displace people of Europe. Then an 1967,
this protocol, was extended to mean the intire worlds. And so now,
and we think about the refugee regime, again,
it's based on this individual assessment of the person,
who is outside of the protection of their country or is
unwilling or unable to return,
owning to the reasons I express before
The Refugee-Regime is very much about state cerson relationships.
And it's have very Western nation, which I hope,
you will see, when I get into some of the
details of the remarks, I'm going to make to night.
Maybe marks are based primarily on research, which I conducted
in Türki Lebonon and Jurdan, between September 2014 and March
2015. I'll begiving a very general an analysis, some of it
will build on Papers that represented today in our conference on
migration and the conflict cycle. And I will,
because time is quite sure, give general overviews,
but I just want to recognize that even in the year this passed,
much has changed in the situation is trually dynamic.
What I'm going to do now is just go over.
Some facts, fact impute it that way, sitistics.
Looking at the global trints,
a first migration and then trying show you,
the really heavy burden in the middle east
I then would like to look at serious as a refugee state.
And I have it miss pronounced, what I want to say,
as a state, as an asylume granting state.
And now also every huge producing state. And then
I would given over review of the containment of refugee,
what the attempts to contain refuge in türki level on and jourdan,
primarily by the West by Europe, but also,
I think, North America has and Austria,
you have been very active in this.
And I trying to show that destparties in perceptions und die Weine,
die protektionell fehlt, und why this has ment and unsustainable burden in the region,
as conditions version, as our conflict is scaled up.
And why the one word migration Europe is inevitable and on stuffable,
the spite, the EU-Agreements recitely hammered out with tricky,
which may, or mean, not be respected.
The two main conclusions, I'm going to draw,
I hope that you will see, why,
come to them,
is the inappropriate dependence and defense
of incampement
By the Western Ummanitarin 8 Regime particularly in the Eastern Managerinian.
And also the inability of the Western Ummanitarin 8 Regime,
to recognize the Agency, of first migrants, such Agency,
being in conflict with the preceived mandate of humanitary in 8,
for the volumnable, the passive and the deserving of EuG.
So now let me more forward and give you in our review.
I saw you would be of interest to see how of the numberns have grown.
The units year was founded in 1950 one is I
said earlier. And up and till about 1975,
the number of people of concern to the units year,
the mean you and agency for refugees
was two point 5 million. Those numbers steadly creeped up,
but they didn't explored and to after the end of
the cold war
And you can see that by 1994, we were
talking about 207 million people of concerned for the agency.
And this is not taking into account. All of the small wars,
which emerged, after 1990, many them,
then written about the radically by Markdafield and Mary Kaldor,
but also the numbers in the Balkans, contributed quite greatly,
to those numbers.
The continue to rise, this extent,
that last year, you napes your endicated,
that it had nuarly 60 million people
of concern
People have can cerne, mean, people will who fit,
the definition of a refugee. And so as you need year,
was concerned that's only 14 point for million, but also state less people.
People who know longer have the protection of the state that they living,
I don't because that always been there and the state has refused to rechignize their certainship.
And I can think up the bedune of courage,
after the goal fuhr, many,
who retourned to courate, where told they were citizens,
because they hadn't registered for one particular essences or another,
same in level one for a nember of state as people.
And it many of the parts of
southy stage
So, I like to remind people that the United Nations
has two agencies for Refugees, once pecipically for Palästine,
Refugees, and then one for all the other refugees around the world.
When you are the Palästine refugee numbers, about five million,
then the Total worldwide figure of Refugees in 2014,
2015, is nearly 20 million.
Now, the major countries that have been producing, refugees,
you not surprised, serial, Afghanistan, so malia,
Saust du dann? Der Demokratic Republic of Kongo,
Miamor Central African Republic and E-Rock and Air at Trian.
But you can see that most of the source countries,
producing refugees, are found primarily in the middle east and in not have forgott.
The hosting countries and this is not a news will. The hosting countries,
of course, are in the region is well,
most people, when they have to feel our conflict,
first of all they,
try and find safety within the country themselves and as a last resort,
the cross in international border and the somewhere near their country of origin.
So it's not surprising that the major hosting countries are türki.
Pakistan, Labinon. Yvonne, if yopia, Judden,
and then we have Africa can our chain you gonda.
And a very bottom, China. But he really six
of the Top 10 hosting countries of refugees are actually in
the middleist in North Africa.
The numbers are somewhere around four million,
seriens have actually cross the buders from serious into the countries
agreesting to them
And another 8 million have left their homes and there
are in trainly displaced within serious. But I just want
to give the numbers little bit of meaning for you.
Türki is a some to have somewhere are around through million, refugees from serious.
And türkis population is about 70 formilion. So if we translate,
somewhere these numbers to give you a sensor,
what it would mean if Germany had the same numbers.
Then if Germany had the same number of refugees in türki,
you would from we be somewhere around three million seriens
it this time
If lip one, if you look that leben one,
if Germany had the same percent tage of refugees from serious.
Where in Germany, it would be 20 million.
And if Germany had the same percent tage of refugees from
serious as enturant, it would be about 8 million.
So, I just want you the repeat nice,
how large the numbers art,
who have a cross the booters to cross the booters
to countries,
a Jazz into the region
In this light, it really, I'm just really firming.
The extraordnarly heavy burden, that the middle east vers in hosting refugees.
So that at this point, if you put together,
the United CR, rechignized, refugee,
a long with the numbers of Palästinien, refugees,
then somewhere are round 63 percent of the world's refugees are actually hosted in the middle east region.
Now, would it like to do is for just for
a few minutes,
is that back in time
And look at forced migration in the region from about the
middle of the 1990s century. So and that mean see,
I can get the point to to work.
What I want to try and show you is how serious or let's say,
the region of greater serious, believe the sham.
Served as a magnet for forced migrants from central Europe and
from the plaxi borderlands, between the orderman empire,
and the emperial versite empire
And I just we go over there movements,
because then as now, these people could not move west.
There really, there are only choice is word
to move south. And then into the Balkens and
the eventually in Anatolia and into Siria.
So if I started with, let's see.
Every go. They get. I does one to look
at this first movement, which was the movement of moseslim
tatars from
the crime mear
After the end of the Krimi and War. And I
just remind you that the orderman empire considered self-part of the comedy of nations.
So it considered self-and equal partner with the Russian empire,
the British, the French, the Osttrio Hangarian empire, certainly.
And the Krimi and War was fort some of you know,
over the matter of the matter of a key to the
church of the holy simple car in Jerusalem.
And to take it back a little bit further, without I gressing too much.
At it the 20 middle of the 16th century.
The orderman sultans began to enter into trees of friendship with
Friends with the Breakbritin, with the russion empire.
And these streeties of friendships, eventually were given a name of capitulations.
So as a juster of friendship, for example,
the soliman magnificent agreed with construal the first,
that any of the french certists in this moving around,
the orderman empire, as seeming there were all castlics,
room and church,
castlics,
could appeal to the loss of friends,
rather than delos at
the orderman empire
And eventually this became a trade egreement. And it became a agreement,
which a lot missionaries to coming to the area to the
temptup and word, motherms to catholicism, which wealth.
And so there was an tempt to convert,
the engine Christian ready just groups to modern catholicism etc. Over time,
the russion, empire being meanly eastern church or the dogs church,
with grant to the key to the church of the holly cypical.
But around 1850, 1850 4, the seltened in 50 4,
that actually give the key to the french instant.
So to move it from the Eastern or the Dockstratch to
the Western or the Dockstratch. And the rushing result angry about that,
that they went to war with the automens, and of course,
the British and the French came in on their side.
But the end results as most of the treadies that to this rate wars were,
a little bit of given take in order to meeting the balance between empires,
one of the things, which was a lost
was the crime mea, the crime mea are seems to
be moving between east im West even today.
But the end result was that the most im population of
the crime mea had to leave.
And there first port of call was the,
what was called Remail at the time
Deshalb hier. So,
this part of the order mine empire was the European,
order mine empire, was called Remailly and 40% of
the population of the order mine empire lift in this area.
And so the moseln, tatataris from Krimi, we're first
into this region. Following shouldly, there are after,
didn't take very long, it was another word,
with the order mins, which is this time is lost
by the order mins, and the circations.
And the people from Georgia and Osesetta and the Jerkers Region,
the Chatsion, that is Daniel,
we're also first to move out
Bei treaty and they also moved to the Balkens or
the Fewer them moved into anatolia as well. But 1878,
1880, a third orderman inversion war and it up with
treaty being a greed in Berlin,
which and which the russions now insistant that it want to any circations.
Any that tares, any chatty and anywhere near in the
Borderland and all of the circations, educations at tarisu,
had made the movement into remilly reforest out definitely
into anatolia. But many at them, then we moved
or moved themselves a long marginal earlier between agree culture and desert,
which are these two red ours here.
Those numbers. Of course, I'm talking about a period of 30
years years, this is 3 about 18, 16,
18, 90. Prepräsented newly 3 3 millionen people.
Three millionen people who are dissimply not talk about as a then
if you happen to read, just similar car of the eastbooks on the exile.
And at nick clincing of moslems from the motorlands of the
orderman and wrestian empire.
The,
the blue
The Blue Area, the Blue Area is here,
are intecating, the one to two million Arminions,
who were part of who's survived, the Arminion Genesize,
it's too complicated to go, into the elements of that,
but there were two waves, one which was as late as the 1930s,
and these them burn somewhere,
but we en one and one point 5 million,
depending appone, the epon the figures, that you accept over,
how many Arminions actually survive the Genesize.
The Yellow
The eellow ours represent, the 10.000 courts,
who did not wish to be part of the republic of
Türki and there come out to Türki and who flat into serious,
preferring to be able to practice their face,
rather than to live in a security state.
These 10.000, sorry, the 10.000 courts, joined,
but are today proximely another 2 million courts, who are serial incitizens.
And the Green Arrow is represence, the latest first migration,
of significant numbers, the Palästiniens, who that from Palästine,
at the close of the Air, is really ware.
All together, we are talking about somewhere in the region of 4 Millionen people.
Where first into the region of the setherin provences of
the orderman empire, mainly this region of Belade Sham.
For million people and an empire that only had
35 million
So it's already as so, in are current,
kind of context, if would be as though Germany had accepted decentle,
9, Million, seriens over appeared,
af 30 or 40 years.
Very large numbers. How did it work? And I
just want to spend a few minutes on talking about the
audiment policy for a settling first migrants?
Because we turn to things that dealing with refugees is at 20 accentury concern.
But for the audiments, it was a very important concern on their part.
And they with the first to setup a co-k
here and refugee policy as early as
Also, sie sind eine pokommissionelle und ordentliche Sattel,
Refugees, Infekten. Es ist nicht wirklich clear depends on,
which translition of the türkis, you go with sometimes the terms,
regarding the commission are called, the Refugee-Commission.
Sometimes is called the imagined commission. The point is that these forced migrants
were primarily welcomed into the southern provences or the ordermine empire.
And they were offered incentives to integrate and the settle,
particularly and rule areas that were underpopulated,
where there are liber was needed
The Audamins, that's getter their populations, they were worried
about two many refugees, being two clusts together in the same place.
And so they did in to a certain extent, point refugees, the certain directions.
But it was only with the circations and the chattinians,
that they actually venippilated, and separated the high ruggy,
so that the upproclasse leadership of this circations and chattinians were
told to settle in places like constantinople and the maskes and The lower high-rockies with then disperses.
But that was more of a sort of military fear of,
what would happened if they allowed the circations and chattians to mintain
that seeing kind of high-rocky instructures that they had in there homeland.
Many of these people were able to slot directly into the asth no religious communities,
which made up the audiment empire, particularly after the reform period,
I written about this as where, these were that three millits,
the moslem, the Christian and the juice millits.
And so over a very sure period of time,
it was very clear,
that most of
these first migrants interest integrated
It was know a tempt to asimilate them,
and in that integration,
something that I've code local cause my Poltenism,
but at this a cold local conviviviality emerged,
where living side by side with the other, was something,
which the not create rights or great besterpences,
but was actually quite successful,
and it the last of the sterpences on the basis every frace in religion in the region fire to to 2011,
really go aspect to 1860s and it's very much tight to Events in Lebinaren.
Okay, that's about enough of history. Let's just turn
to the situation today. Also of merch of this year,
it's very clear that huge numbers of serien self-that across-budders.
I think with the smapshows for clearly,
is the dencity of the settlement once feed in the cross the budder,
very close to regions that they came from.
So very close dencity in Türkei,
a long southern Türkis Budder, in Juden, again,
very much a long that nur them turn budder
Leben on a very special case. I say that more about that.
And this is the region of now than curry is region,
where many three in course have all solve that.
In all of this feeling,
these forced migrants have generally resisted,
rather string with the UN Opposes in these countries,
there's a rechergnition that the region
has no particular protection
Auch bei International Law, because Level one and Jordan
not parties von den 1951 Refugee-Konventionen. Türkei ist,
aber es ist nicht so, dass 1967 Protokoll,
also Restricts, es ist Obligation only to refugees from Europe.
Also Jordan the Balkan war, sie war receptive to receiving
Balgarians and other is you were fleeing the Balkans.
Aber each country has a very specific,
historical and assercon temporary content, which helps explain Why people
have flat to ready have led and also what it means in terms of whether
the situation is sustainable or not. Libanon as you know,
has a population of just over for million.
And yet, it has received over one point one registered seriens.
But the numbers are are a zoom to be quite a
bit pire, probably subthing more like one point five million.
Before the crisis, lebenon, all ready had,
very large numbers of seasonal workers in the aggre cultural
industry and in construction
It certain points in the last decade in a half,
it had as many as half a million seriens working in the country.
Serioudents have very white social networks in labin on, which go
back over decades. I just remind you that doing that introduce a period,
serious unlevel one, where separated, as part of french policy,
which we came official in 1943, but many seriens and lebenies,
have families or cross the boarders and certainly uncertainly until 2005,
there was new buder,
between leben on and serious that was defined,
lebenies and seriens could move
back and force without vises
Now, as since that time,
seriens were broadly promitted to buy, residents permanents,
every sexpense, movement back in force,
obviously, was hardly, regulated,
also in the last couple of years with the huge numbers of seriens in the country,
it's become, much more difficult to buy residents permanents.
And so many seriens in lebenon,
have began to go underground,
we going to recognize that they are in an eligal startists
and to a word contact with a thoughties
Syriens in Lebonon taking refuge, are legally, regarded as forness.
And most them have self-settled in Bayreuth and in the Western,
because Valley, which again, was part of series and
till the french decided to create, the Lebony state.
Juden, simular to Lebnon, doesn't have a card a goal of refugee,
but I has accepted this seriens as temporary guests.
There are about 600.000 seriens afficially, all there many believe the number is higher,
population of juden is about 6 point 7 Millionen.
So already that represents 10% of population of Juden.
Most of the Serien, so of cross, into Juden,
have come from Dara in the South or the Hinterland of Dara,
or real communities from the South,
and these people have anyway very close, tribal tize,
social networks and economic networks with the south in region.
Juden, does have a refugee camp, set up by the UNHCR,
It's not clear why the camp was set up,
as the UNFCR in 2009, rechignized,
through with exxperienced weaking with E-Rocky-Refugees, in Syria and Juden,
that the whole idea of encampment,
wasn't going to work,
he rockys reviews to be in capt or inclused or concentrated in concentrated in one area under the osprecises of the UNHCR.
And so the UNACR developed away of dealing with self-settled urban merthougize
with mobile redistration and with the concept of community support. But injuritan,
roomers are that infect the tribal leadership in the most of jordan,
they going to be very concerned about the number of seriens you were coming into the country,
with they felt applied the host and then they actually as the governments to ask the units you are to set up a refugee camp.
And I would say the most freemise or informists of those camps is other camp,
which some of you have heard of at a certain point in 20013,
it had over 160.000 in people.
And the units your had not yet, set up any
kind of system of for leasing the population and there
was white sprint
Violence, particularly sexual violence, not surprising. I think,
I live in Oxford, which has a population of about 160.000,
and I can't imagine, what it would be like to live in Oxford, it have no
polize force at all. So you can just imagine,
what the camp must be been like, also now,
of course, those nobody's have dropped,
people our trying to find ways of living, the you need CR-Cap,
which is very hard to do and last you can find somebody to sponsor you,
which is a little bit,
which is not much different from Bying your way out from smuggling your way out,
which is a pretty commoned currence in Durden,
it's one of the reasons that the numbers have now drop to about 80.000. Türki,
and I've been the little bit more time with Türki,
I would go into the politics of it, but Türki,
fully quickly, by 2012, began to receive,
very deutsche nimbers of seriens.
Many of them, of ignitually,
or regionally came to the region that because the Hathai,
the Alex and Drotta province, they were really,
the Hathai province with like a microcause of the region arround
itlib in a lapo
It was people journing relatives business partners and so on.
However, the türkis government realize that the numbers regaring very
quickly and they decided to set up camps as well.
When the you energy are offered to build that camps for them,
the türkis government refused. And they just they said,
in I think more diplomatic words that I'm going to use here,
we don't need your model, we have a better one.
And in the space of the year,
the türkis government build 25 refugee camps,
all alone, the sudden border,
you can see
the little buy tryingles
And these comes were build based on the experience of the
emergency relief unit of the prime ministers office
affeid on how they worked with disaster relief and temporary encouplement
after rethqueaks and so on. So each of the camps
was limited to the size of 10.000 people,
each can't also had for a large community centers. So that every 2005,
100 goup of people how a community center which included a going to say,
a boys computer centers,
that boys could play computergames and art room a large seater,
Londoner matts, Dryers, Shopping, Market, Supermarket,
Borbershop and a Beautyshop.
Some like a little town. And that judgly ways.
And of course, each our these centers,
also had a primary school, a high school,
using serien teachers as as 8s to the türkische teachers.
And of course, a mosk and a musk and
a musk and a musk and a coron
study center
The combs were open, people could come in an out every day.
They were build near towns and villages. So there were
sort of like a sudden Pop-up-Community. And very quickly a
waiting lists emerged, app seriens weeding to coming to these camps.
When the ICG visited, at the end of 2013,
they came out with a note saying,
these really our five star installations,
there were very expensive,
but the türkis government insistant on continuing
to rundom in this manner
And at the present time, there also considering more camps,
if the agreement with the EU go through.
And they will be build the same model. So,
lit me just turn to say, a few things about
what taking refuge in level one has been about.
I will start by saying that, they leb needs government,
there has
this no presidents in lebenon
For good treatment of refugees. Are use here the example of Palästinien-Refugees,
there are the tweened two, 100 to 300 palästinien-Refugees in Libynon,
their preated so body, that we know that rother informally,
those Palästiniens to leave labin on.
And get come to Europe in us,
we are when the Appliefer Asylum,
they tend to be granted it, basically on human right spaces,
that the treatment everyth you,
but Palästinien-Mefugees,
in Libynon is one wear they can not work allow now,
there are a few your coupation to set they
can working
If that's the model,
that level now in heart in the past, it's not surprising,
that situation for seriens, milli serien seasonal workers,
and there are families, is rapidly becoming quite difficults.
There is very high level of social discrimination in the one,
against the seriens, and this is the spite,
some places of close social times and can ship times.
It's also very little assistance for seriens,
even those who have registered with the UNFCR
Their earnal camps, their earnal year in eCR-Camps in Lebon
on, which is probably a very good thing.
The Lebon is couplement refused to allow you needs year to build formal camps for fear,
I'm sure, I what might happen,
first for fear that they could be come permanent in
the way that Palästinian camp seems to have done,
but also for fear that if you have such large numbers
numbers feedball together in one place, you could risk,
massacre or expression of real social violence. And so the this
serien that pretty much been left to Settle on their own
in small informal settlements, milly in the Bacar Valley.
There are over a thousand of these more settlements in Lebenon. And the you know,
see are has decided as an expedient,
to use the are a cultural gang masters,
if I can use that word,
the show weash to be the into media is,
between whatever services,
they can offer and the serien who are asking for
protection imselves
Leben one is always been nevery special place. It's been able to operate that's consociational system,
without governments, sometimes for years at a time. And some ways,
that's probably been one of the reasons why in Leben on there's been a very,
very slow rollout,
of you an assistance for a seriens in the country,
very, very slow rollout of the cash-assistance-Programm, for the most volumable,
which really didn't get on the way to the end of
2014. But what's also emerged is that how great the party
is in Leben on for many,
it's on seriens,
a long side,
lebenies population
On the positive side, there is a very active local
and national and enjoyed is a very active civil society in leben
on trying to provide, social worldfair and educational programs for
the refugees from Sirian. The situation and Juden is certainly
the level of social discommission is much more muted.
In the first couple of years, Sirians in Juden,
who were not forced into the suchary camp,
who somehow managed you solve settle in Irbit and in Amand.
Managed defined ways absurviving, many, them depleting their savings
or working and the cover, sort of eregular work.
But this came to a head particular last year when the Government rejected,
the right of seriens who have take and refuge injurant to work.
The spot the fact that it new that most seriens were
actually working crime destinly.
And that also the Jordanian population rechignize that many of
the seriens were
skillt craftsman
And it was skills crafts, the Jordanien population didn't have nother did the largest migrant
population in Juden deciptions, have these with the corporators.
And very quickly carpentry became an occupation, that everybody new,
the seriens were engaged in illegally. And now,
it's we come my regic nice that the workforce in Judan,
that's being replaced by seriens is the eduction and not the Jordanien.
When seriens are discovered to be working illegally,
when the please want to crack down,
seriens are pick top
And they're own words they feel that they're being deported or their being sent to present.
This is there way a referring to the satury camp as
well as a right camp, because once in the can't lief.
And if they had children in school,
their children in education is interrupted,
and the UKs is that I know of where they had and
all the child the University that University place was lost,
because night that nobody from the family can leave the camp.
Over, over the last to 18 to travel months more and more families been therribly concerned,
about how to educate there children, what is going to mean,
there are children being out of school for more than three years,
they recognize the Jordanian, education lowers are that.
And it children that is out of school for more then
three us cannot reenter. And this with more and more
talk about sending these young teenagers to Europe,
where maybe dican gain access the education, certainly they can work.
And so the talk about smuggling has been emerging in
becoming laudia and laudia over time
Things had changed quite your medically over the last year in Jordan,
the local press has been going to be less negative
about the influence are refugees from Serial,
is we going to be more echnition of how much Serien money and how many Serien factorys
have important to Jordan and the government has recently said that to, it will consider
issuing work promise for seriens something up to about 1050.
This is comes to a great your left fresher from rult-bank
studies as well as you want to see are and I low studies.
Tricky as Of you see the numbers of seriens in Türki
are not nearly as great percentage wise as in lebenon
or Judden. But there are is a wide spread sympathy.
In Türki, for serien, per rerefugees from serien,
for seriens for crossing the Bruder.
And also for Palästinien, Miffeugees from serien crossing the Bruder.
I shouldn't mentioned before that serien had about have a million,
Palästinien refugees in serien, they have in the night entry into Judden.
There at we know that there are about 50 euro
60.000 in lebenon
Become is more more difficult for them to go to leb non,
tricky, seems to be, the only place where they can go,
primarily, because the türkis government isn't making a destinction.
But we enseriens or Palästinien-Refugees from Serien. The must interesting
element of what is happening in the major cities up tricky,
but I seen it also in bey root,
I'm mind but not the seem extent,
is the way in, which, the group of perpetitic,
I chinarians and Entertainers,
I've going to say the gypsies of the region,
these are
rum speaking people
Large numbers, a very dissplaced in E-Rock. After 2003,
many have been displaced from Serien, but also from Türkei,
because there lively hood always depend to depend the Entertainment certainly during summermonts when virginal tours and
was very high, but also, there are role in many of the family,
rights of pastage, Ceremonies, as been completely disrupted.
And so, there are many gypsies on the streets,
begging, enitially, they were offen, mysteaking for refugees from Syria,
but there that now is becoming more and more clear,
but very didn't is being done to help this particular group.
When you talk to local people, very offen at the local level,
you do here expressions of hostility, such has,
we know, we're happy to help this seriens now,
but we really want them to go back home.
Certainly doing the time that I spend in Tricky,
they were number of Demonstrations, particularly amounts are curdish uncurdish unskilled labors,
who feld that seriens were the includerate by the Gugment,
that they were excepting jobs at lorid in the minimum wage,
and therefore they were taken their work away from them.
This was part of that like a information,
being covided by the türkische Government,
a gooding to our toxice haftemine,
was a kind of roomers that respreading,
which ended up with some serious demonstrations and a few deaths in Govianta and in Istanbul.
But over time, there's been more transparency and lot of
the expressions of house souity have died down.
But what's interesting about türky is that he is a population,
it doesn't speed the single language,
they certainly doing in certain service having the same as
nick backgrounds
But the Hospitality that's express by that türkis people and by the big türkis and years,
is partnered by significant hospitality by groups that belong to the mystic religious association,
is the sophie associations, the next bender, the other cardiogaleony.
These groups have always functioned in the fuhre quarters at the
media cities of tricky and now there extending their ide also to seriens,
which is helps really to maintain, many of the seriens,
who are provided with Free health care with there are not there in any of these 5-Star-Camps.
But as it not, there is no Assistance provided by the state.
So the conditions in a region, I are are you are becoming unsustainable. There worstoning,
the enitial of sustainability was built, I would say,
very much on the history of relations, the history are a family types,
the history of also the remembered or the imagined homeland.
So many of those fleeding, the finding in Serial had connections,
I there with the Balkens, or with transcockes region,
or had developed economic ties with Areas in Eastern Europe in Germany,
in Sweden, particularly doing the decades of the Guest Worker.
The Relics, I guess it the best from my
can use of the audiment milliard system.
Also, with was very important, but overtime, even that
kind of hospitality to somebody who you know is from your
own esnic group or you have a very distinct relation with breaks down,
particularly, if that personal that family,
is not promitted to work,
is not promitted to make a lightly hood and has
to be in tarty,
dependent on well fair
One of the Elements, which I found particularly interesting and I,
I would like to be cat it, more curfly from antipolitical series,
what I want to into it too much.
It seems very clear, that the greatest social discrimination in
this region is in Lebonon. And yet,
Lebonon is the one country where the social distance is the colorsist,
where the separation of Lebonon from Seriot is the most recent.
And we're the strings of kindtize should be the strong is.
By the seen Tolkien, the die Situation in Türkei ist,
es ist eine, es ist eine, die die größte Sympathie ist.
Und sie hat die sozialen Distanzen between, die Türks,
und die Arabs, wo die eine, das wird suggezt,
dass sie mehr distanzieren. Und so, ich meine,
sometimes I'm thrown to tried to explain that and I full back on some of the work of Fredwick Barth,
the great more weed on enterpolitists,
and his work on the way,
which asthnic boundries and athnic astinctions are created,
when people are very similar to weach other,
in order to make a sure that the destinction
is clear
That will people are quite different from me shatter, there is
no need and this no concern and so that everyth
to make a distinction doesn't arrise and also,
there tends to be greater hormony in relations.
But one of this things that is particularly clear is that refugees thing from serious.
Are not interested in being placed in a refugee camp.
They are the camp in Juden is very unpopular.
The camps in türki earn not considered refugee camps in that same sense,
there considered zu den Pop-Up-Towns,
because the freedom of movement and the way in which the türkis couplement,
really promised people, the agency to work, even though, it's not yet put goody legal.
But this preference for being a lot to find away,
up supporting yourself, a maintaining a lively hood, in origin,
that still makes it elegal to work, is such that eventually,
it was clear that the situation with be untenable.
And that with find employment, being very, evegular,
with and issue that I didn't have time to go into with education being Vedert Negaltible,
over 60% of use in Lebnon, example,
of exerien, use in Lebnon, or not ineducation,
in Juden, the numbers are not quite as high,
but the education is being provided, is simply a second shift,
after knewn school of three hours, which also in families recognize,
is not going to be sefficient, for anybody to be able to pass the end of high school exam.
Türki has been very, very slow to very hegnize,
that there is a problem that serien children can not simply intertürkisch schools,
that they have a language and you language to learn.
And so it's ticked them really and till the interto 2014-2015 to start thinking,
about how to teach seriens,
so that can interest school and then you have also the resistance,
obserience in Türki, who say,
all if we have to learn in other language,
we drather learn, french old German, or swedish,
because that might be a view some day,
if we learn türkis,
what go do that going to be for us in the sure term.
So, as the situation in Terms of Education,
we come critical, and I said earlier, with many of the teenagers
already out of school, in some cases from more than three years,
and they know now, they cannot interest goals,
recemple in Geordon, there are very few school segmentar in Lebonon, Türki
, it will be inother two use also before they can
probably enter school More and more families that began to content plate,
migrating out of the region.
And I will just more one quickly to give you a example of what's happened.
I don't know how many a view have been following the situation in France in the Regionär Kelly,
New Adamcirk, where huge number is have an accompanyed miners many up them seriens,
we know there are least 3.000 on a company serien miners,
many mail, are the king from opportunity to get to get to England,
where they already have a family member
Many them are hoping that if they's excited,
they can then commons their education and at some point
survive indigity by being able to start working and and support
their families. But this issue of education this issue of
the unsustainability of the living conditions in the middle east,
coupled with the recent and further, russion and serien bombing.
Has really made it neve an nevertible,
that people that are going to leave the region,
to spite the recent aggreement with the EU and Türki.
I don't know sure that Türki is going to be able
to stop the flow into Europe
Any time sun. I'm sure you've all seen images like this,
you can put up variors,
you can trying prevent passage in Dingis,
between Türki and Grease,
but the refugees will find a way as long as their conditions in the region are unsustainable.
It is a crisis for the region, I
don't believe it's a crisis for Europe,
we might say that is a greave situation in Europe,
but a population of 5 5 million 500 million people
Can certainly grant temporary protection and assylum for as many as want to two
million people for a number of viewers into the fighting stops.
So a lot of word,
we are seeing is not an impossible situation, to sword,
but it's one that's very much tight up with regional and local politics in Europe.
I just call to mind, some of the preprevious situations in the past,
where very large numbers of refugees or a silence secrets,
have been grant that temporary protection.
I just remind you that you in the bosnian crisis,
very large numbers of bossilians,
regranted temporary protection in job
Certainly in the UK and one your alone
75.000 bosnients came. At this point most to return and
certainly that the serien crisis could easily be resolved with some
kind of comprehensive planet of action,
not to keep them impresent in a small region,
but to dispers them and to allow them to find some way
of nintining survival indigity of promitting their used to to be educated.
And and to have some kind of future
I know, we tend to think that most of the serien to have managed to get to grease gravitate to Germany and to sweeten,
which, of course, the makes sense with the history of the Guestworkers,
but what I going to point out here,
is the existent to rich, the balkens,
have also when these circles represents,
the actual assilem cleans made by refugees from serious.
And so those who have ties or links within the balkens,
have made the cleans here,
if you would hope it all these circles together.
The number of Silem cleans made
within the balkens
Is probably as high as that for Germany. And the sweeden.
So that is also there all trying to come to Germany.
Also in Germany has prips been one of the most opin
and general is countries of your so far.
So I just close here with a please,
really to focus on the unercompany minor is.
I mentioned that there are about 3000 on the company minors
in Dunkirk and Kallay and in the Jungle.
But the United year astomates that there are somewhere between 10.000
20.000 on a company where you miner is who could clean refugee to out europe.
Many of them, if they are, if the serien population,
is anything to go by are looking for opportunities to be educated,
in order to avoid becoming a lost generation.
And certainly this point. And less there are so major changes in the way,
that least we look tours educating,
the young seriens who are fleegen, they are am conflict,
who have made their way to do europe by eargular means,
we will have a lost generation,
which will only contribute
to further
Vertikalisierung und Extremen in der Future lest, das ist mein Perspektive.
Also ich denke, ich will, und hier,
und ich sehe, dass du an die Questians all Commons gehst,
die du magst.
Vielen Dank